Calvino- Rhetorical Devices

Question #3

In some essays, the writers choose to employ the use of a great variety of rhetorical devices. Metaphors, similes, and hyperbole are all used extensively. However, just one very important device is used in Italo Calvino’s essay “Why We Read the Classics.” Instead of employing a great many different literary techniques with each new paragraph, Calvino does just one simple thing to engage the reader’s attention and help the reader’s understanding. He lovingly, with a bit of excess exaggeration, personifies the written classic.

Although this personification is only hinted at for the first half of the essay, it becomes very clear later on. For the first half the “classic” is spoken of as a close friend that has various characteristics, but it is not said to have any sort of feeling. However, in the paragraph following definition number nine, Calvino clearly states, when referring to a classic work of literature, that “it has a personal relationship with the reader.” By explaining this personal attribute, Calvino is using an element of hyperbole and personification to enhance the reader’s understanding. Calvino teaches readers by explaining that a true classic develops a relationship with a reader, and is truly a character of its own.


Calvino, Italo. "Why Read the Classics." Lecture.